![]() This similarity is the basis of the toxicity of fluoroacetate. Mechanism of action įluoroacetate is structurally similar to acetate, which has a pivotal role in cellular metabolism. The enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase has been discovered in a soil bacterium, which can detoxify fluoroacetate in the surrounding medium. Dogs, cats, and pigs appear to be most susceptible to poisoning. ![]() The New Zealand Food Safety Authority established lethal doses for a number of species. The oral dose of sodium fluoroacetate sufficient to be lethal in humans is 2–10 mg/kg. Sodium fluoroacetate is toxic to all obligate aerobic organisms, and highly toxic to mammals and insects. New Zealand's native Puha contains 1080 in very low concentrations. Several native Australian plant genera contain the toxin, including Gastrolobium, Gompholobium, Oxylobium, Nemcia, and Acacia. As early as 1904, colonists in Sierra Leone used extracts of Chailletia toxicaria, which also contains fluoroacetic acid or its salts, to poison rats. It was first identified in Dichapetalum cymosum, commonly known as gifblaar or poison leaf, by Marais in 1944. ![]() The related compound potassium fluoroacetate occurs naturally as a defensive compound in at least 40 plant species in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Africa. Similarly, after bushfires in north-western Queensland, cattlemen have to move livestock before the poisonous Gastrolobium grandiflorum emerges from the ashes. The presence of Gastrolobium species in Western Australia has often forced farmers to 'scalp' their land, that is, remove the top soil and any poison pea seed which it may contain, and replace it with a new poison pea-free top soil sourced from elsewhere in which to sow crops. The fact that many Gastrolobium species also have high secondary toxicity to non-native carnivores is thought to have limited the ability of cats to establish populations in locations where the plants form a major part of the understorey vegetation. Brush-tailed possums, bush rats, and western grey kangaroos native to this region are capable of safely eating plants containing fluoroacetate, but livestock and introduced species from elsewhere in Australia are highly susceptible to the poison, as are species introduced from outside Australia, such as the red fox. Gastrolobium growing in southwestern Australia concentrate fluoroacetate from low-fluoride soils. This genus consists of over 100 species, and all but two are native to the southwest region of Western Australia, where they are known as "poison peas". Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Fluoroacetate occurrence in Gastrolobium species It is one of only five known organic fluorine-containing natural products. īoth sodium and potassium salts are derivatives of fluoroacetic acid.įluoroacetate occurs naturally in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil, and Africa. The salt is synthesized by treating sodium chloroacetate with potassium fluoride. ![]() The name "1080" refers to the catalogue number of the poison, which became its brand name. The effectiveness of sodium fluoroacetate as a rodenticide was reported in 1942. This colourless salt has a taste similar to that of sodium chloride and is used as a rodenticide. Sodium fluoroacetate, also known as compound 1080, is an organofluorine chemical compound with the formula FCH 2CO 2Na.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |